Cart before the horse: Integrating Technology in the Classroom.

Simply put, "putting the cart before the horse"  means doing things in the wrong order.  

The cart represents "technology" and the "horse" represents "pedagogy."  The figure above illustrates how some people tend to decide first the kind of technology to be used for teaching rather than on the reason or purpose for using the technology. Instead, pedagogy should dictate how to use the technology and what kind of technology to be used in online learning.  For instance, the first consideration in an online learning is how to put the following processes in teaching into online:

Face-to-face Learning	Online Learning	Technology to be used (What technology can be used to electronically send/deliver the files/activities to the students?)
Syllabus/Delivery Plan   (The hard copies are given to the students.)	How should the materials be given/delivered to the students online?	email?
Books/Hand-outs/Worksheets (The hard copies are given to the students.)	How should the materials be given/delivered to the students online?	email?
Classroom Teaching	How should teaching be done? fully online? blended?	MS Teams? Google Classroom? Zoom?
Quizzes and Examinations	How should quizzes or test be administered? fully online? blended? How to prevent plagiarism?	MS Forms? Google Forms? Moodle?  How to prevent plagiarism?

(The author has presented this study at the 20th Oman International ELT Conference last October 14-15, 2020. The author hopes to publish the full paper/research.)